caspersen 1984 physical activity definition

This general trend to avoid energy expenditure may explain why people do not exercise regularly despite the known negative effects of physical inactivity on health ( 14– 16). Our societal changes, favoring the minimization of physical effort, are particularly problematic based on the assumption that individuals possess an innate tendency to conserve energy and avoid unnecessary physical exertion. These statistics are part of a large body of evidence associating occupational activities with health issues, clearly urging for appropriate worksite interventions to improve tertiary employees' health. According to some studies, the mortality rate is increased by 2% for every seated hour and can reach up to 8% per hour when the total consecutive time spent seated is above 8 h per day ( 13). Recent research including meta-analyses have clearly underlined the negative impact of seated occupational activities on overall mortality ( 11, 12). To date, while few data are available regarding employees' physical activity, their sedentary time and health-related consequences have been particularly studied. In their research, Church and colleagues reported a decrease of about 100 calories in the daily occupation-related energy expenditure over the last 50 years in the United States, which plays a significant role in the body weight of both men and women ( 10). This sedentariness has lately been described as a major mortality risk factor ( 7), independent of physical activity ( 8), and ~5.3 million of deaths are attributed to physical inactivity ( 9).Ī worker's activity has evolved throughout the last century, clearly shifting to more sedentary occupational tasks, and this “tertiarization” results in workplaces that are of particular concern. The last century has been the cradle of our societies' modernization and automation favoring the occurrence and development of sedentary opportunities and behaviors. In addition to reducing the risk of mortality, regular physical activity favors healthy growth and aging and prevents the occurrence of many chronic diseases ( 6). 2008 physical activity guidelines for Americans.The beneficial effects of physical activity have been clearly described in the literature with recent meta-analyses providing a high level of evidence regarding its impact on overall mortality ( 1, 2), cardiovascular disease-related mortality ( 3), or cancer-relate mortality ( 3– 5). Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 40(1), 181–188. Physical activity in the united states measured by accelerometer. Physical activity and behavioral medicine.

American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 27(3), 136–145. Economic interventions to promote physical activity: Application of the SLOTH model. Physical activity: Health outcomes and importance for public health policy. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 23(2 S), 64–73. How the built environment affects physical activity. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 33(6), S587. Physical activity dose-response effects on outcomes of depression and anxiety.

Retrieved December 1, 2010, from ĭunn, A. Public Health Reports, 100(2), 126.Ĭenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: Definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 57, 1297–1300.Ĭaspersen, C. Prevalence of self-reported physically active adults-United states, 2007.

A., Kruger, J., Lobelo, F., & Loustalot, F. Journal of the American Medical Association, 276(3), 205.Ĭarlson, S. Influences of cardiorespiratory fitness and other precursors on cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in men and women.

Caspersen 1984 physical activity definition